Germination/Emergence

Poor germination and uneven emergence
- not typical of herbicide injury, however, incorporating P rowl (not labeled for PPI in corn) or misapplication of any DNA herbicide can cause poor emergence. "Clubbed-roots" should be visible.

Leaf-out underground
- Axiom, Define, Dual II Magnum, Eradicane, Harness/Surpass, Lasso, Outlook, and premixes containing these herbicides may cause leaf-out under cold and wet conditions. Crusted or cloddy soils may cause this also.

Seedling/Young plant

Buggy-whipping/twisting/leaf crinkling
- characteristic of shoot inhibitors such as Axiom, Define, Dual II Magnum, Eradicane, Harness/Surpass, Lasso, Outlook, and premixes containing these herbicides. Usually occurs under cold and wet soil conditions and is often temporary. Dicamba, 2,4-D, or these two tank-mixed with a shoot inhibitor may cause similar symptoms but corn may be rolled tighter and lay more horizontal to soil surface. The longer the buggy-whipping is present the greater the potential for yield loss.

Stunted plants/interveinal yellowing and/or purpling of leaves
- misapplication or carryover of ALS-herbicides such as Backdraft, Canopy XL, Classic, Extreme, FirstRate, Pursuit, Raptor, Scepter, Squadron, and Synchrony STS. Check plant for a "bottlebrush" appearance on lateral roots. Fields affected by carryover may take on an uneven appearance with a series of stunted plants followed by healthy plants, intermittently. Persistence of Scepter, Pursuit, and premixes containing these herbicides will increase at soil pH of 5.5 or less and under drought conditions. Persistence of chlorimuron and premixes containing chlorimuron will increase with soil pH above 6.8.
- soil applications of Hornet and Python may cause injury under cold and wet conditions.
- Application of Accent, Accent Gold, Basis, Basis Gold, Beacon, Celebrity Plus, Exceed, Hornet, Lightning on Clearfield Corn, Python, Spirit, or Steadfast in the same season as Counter (15G or CR), Phorate, or Thimet soil insecticides may cause the above symptoms including severe leaf margin crinkling and "onion-leafing".

Stunted plants/white leaves and/or shoots
- misapplication of glyphosate at a low dose (usually at spike stage).
- Balance or Callisto may cause these symptoms. Severe injury with Balance may include severe stunting, leaves turning necrotic, buggy-whipping, and stand loss. Injury with Balance is most common under the following conditions: sandy soil types; shallow planting depth (less than 1.5 inches); cold and wet soil; spray overlaps; soil pH approaching 7.5; organic matter less than 1.5 %.

Stunted plants/short swollen and/or "clubbed roots"
carryover or misapplication of DNA herbicides such as Balan, Prowl, Sonalan, or Treflan.

White/bleached leaves
- misapplication or carryover from Command or Command Extra. The plant will usually grow out of slight discoloration. However, if more than 75 % of the plant tissue is white the plant will probably die. Carryover is most likely on soils with a pH below 5.5.
- postemergence application of Callisto. Increased injury when applied after a soil or postemergence application or tank-mixed with organophosphate insecticides or when mixed with methylated seed oil.

Leaf burn on leaf margins of older leaves
- photosynthetic inhibitors may cause yellowing (chlorosis) of leaf margins followed by death (necrosis) of the oldest leaves on the plant. Herbicides in this group include atrazine, Sencor, Lorox, Princep, and premixes containing these herbicides. Injury is more likely at high pH (above 7.2).

Speckled to burned leaves
- postemergence applications of Aim, Buctril, Resource, Atrazine plus crop oil concentrate, or Callisto (only the first few days after application). Effects are usually temporary unless a large percentage of the plant is brown.

Yellow to translucent color on new leaves
- misapplication of Assure II, Fusilade DX, Fusion, Poast, Poast Plus, or Select. The whorl will be easily pulled from the rest of the plant with a characteristic collapsed brown tip on the end near the growing point.

Speckled leaves due to drift
- Aim, Cobra, Flexstar/Reflex, Gramoxone Max, Resource, or Ultra Blazer drift. Usually only cosmetic injury.

Bent or "goose-necked" stalks/fused brace-roots
- postemergence applications of growth regulator type herbicides such as 2,4-D, dicamba, and premix products containing these herbicides. Plants may become brittle and prone to lodging. More severe during periods of high temperatures and rapid node elongation.

Veinal chlorosis or browning/collapse at leaf arch/buggy-whipping
- carryover of Flexstar or Reflex. Occurs withlate applications of Flexstar/Reflex, dry soils, and early corn planting. Plants may die in areas of spray overlap, but most corn will survive injury.

Poor pollination
- late season applications of 2,4-D or dicamba at "tassel" to "dough" stages of development.
- late applications of Lightning on Clearfield corn.

Ear-Pinching
- postemergence broadcast applications of Accent, Accent Gold, Basis Gold, Celebrity Plus, or Steadfast after corn has reached 6 collars. This is characterized by the base of the ear having normal number of kernel rows and the upper part of the ear having about 50 % fewer rows.