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Ohio State University Extension

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Identifying Feekes Growth Stages 9 and 10

Feekes growth stages 9 (full flag leaf emergence) and 10 (boot stage) can be identified without having to pull plants from the field. At this stage, you are no longer looking for and counting nodes at the base of the stem. Once the wheat crop is beyond Feekes growth stage 8 (flag leaf emergence), you can simply observe tillers in the field to determine if the flag leaf is fully emerged (Feekes 9) or if the wheat spikes (aka the head) is swollen in the leaf sheath of the flag leaf (Feekes 10; commonly referred to the boot stage).    

1- Examine primary tillers at multiple locations in the field – remove them if it makes it easier for you to examine;

2- Identify the flag leaf which is the fourth leaf about the lowest node on the stem;

3- If the flag leaf is fully emerged, then the ligule will be visible - the ligule is the whitish or light-green  collar  or flat found at the junction of the leaf blade and the leaf sheath;

4- If the ligule of the flag leaf is visible, then you are at Feekes 9;  

5- If the flag leaf is fully emerge with its sheath fully extended and swollen (thicker than the rest of the stem), then you are at Feekes 10, the boot stage.

Click on the links below for information on management practices that are recommended (or not recommended) at these growth stages:

http://ohioline.osu.edu/agf-fact/pdf/0126.pdf

Video: https://youtu.be/OHGhq0qSM1o

Crop Observation and Recommendation Network

C.O.R.N. Newsletter is a summary of crop observations, related information, and appropriate recommendations for Ohio crop producers and industry. C.O.R.N. Newsletter is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy Team, state specialists at The Ohio State University and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC). C.O.R.N. Newsletter questions are directed to Extension and OARDC state specialists and associates at Ohio State.