C.O.R.N. Newsletter: 2016-16
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Summer-time weather pattern in full swing.
The summer-time pattern is in full swing. Expect a warm week with threats of showers and thunderstorms to return for the middle of the week.
Temperatures this week will average 2-3F above normal. Rainfall will average 0.25 to 0.75 inches. Normal is near 1 inch.
For the week of June 20-27 the warmer than normal temperatures will persist. In fact the heat should intensify some the week of June 20-27. Temperatures will average 4-6F above normal. Rainfall will average 0.50 to 1.25 inches. Normal is near 1 inch.
The next two weeks can be summarized by warmer than normal, but we do not see extreme heat above 95F. We expect more night time lows above 65 than below 60 the next 2 weeks. Se expect more days (7-10) out of 14 with dew points above 60-70 than below. Rainfall will generally be at or below normal but most places should at least see some rain so no real extreme of no rain is expected the next two weeks. However, the main focus of rain the next 2 weeks will be in the western half of the corn and soybean region where 3-5 inches of rain will occur while only 0.50 to 1.50 in eastern areas. Normal across the region is about 2 inches. So expect wetter western corn and soybean belt and drier east.
As we talked about this spring, there is no change, all indications are a warmer and somewhat drier July for Ohio. The pattern of June that is warmer than normal and wetter western corn and soybean belt and drier in eastern areas (including Ohio) will last into July.
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Disclosure, Use and Sale Limitations -- The Big Data Confusion: Part 9
Have you ever wondered why your recent web searches for items or information show up on other websites you visit? Frequently, these recent searches appear in the form of advertisements along an edge of another webpage you are viewing. These advertisements are typically provided by third party data aggregators. These third party data aggregators play a crucial role in target advertising if a “data” company does not already have in-house capabilities to capture this type of data. Third party data aggregation is specifically addressed in The Privacy and Security Principles for Farm Data published by AFBF with their policy about Disclosure, Use and Sale Limitation:
“An ATP will not sell and/or disclose non-aggregated farm data to a third party without first securing a legally binding commitment to be bound by the same terms and conditions as the ATP has with the farmer. Farmers must be notified if such a sale is going to take place and have the option to opt out or have their data removed prior to that sale. An ATP will not share or disclose original farm data with a third party in any manner that is inconsistent with the contract with the farmer. If the agreement with the third party is not the same as the agreement with the ATP, farmers must be presented with the third party’s terms for agreement or rejection.”
The key points of this principle regarding data disclosure, use and sale limitations include making sure growers understand the terms outlined in their contract as well as how any data is being shared or possibly sold to a third party. This principle draws on the need to be transparent around who has access to farm data and if data will be supplied to a third party or business affiliate. Further, it is important to have legal contracts relating to not only the ATP data relationship but contracts with other entities that provide data services (or access) as well. This need of full disclosure and the ability to understand contracts has been reported by recent Big Data surveys of farmers as being a matter of primary concern.
Similar to last week’s installment focusing on Terms and Definitions within contracts, an ATP will not sell or distribute any non-aggregated farm data to third party without consent from the grower. Additionally, if a sale of data is to be conducted on behalf of the grower by the ATP, the grower must be notified. If the grower agrees, the contract with the third party aggregator must either be the same, or a new contract should be provided for the grower to review.
While some growers are comfortable with their farm data being aggregated and used as a marketing tool, others are not. Big data companies will have the ability to provide targeted marketing with information based on data collected similar to those seen online when searching for goods. Growers should be given the protection and choice about how their data is being used and sold to third party data aggregators. By specifically reviewing the disclosure, use and sale limitations within an ATP contract, growers have the ability to make an informed decision about how their data will be used, on their own terms.
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Have you been slimed? Slug damage reports are coming in
Numerous locations in Ohio are still reporting slug problems, especially on soybeans. With late planting in many areas, the small size of both soybean and corn will lead to a greater damage potential from slugs.
Although all fields should be scouted, focus on those with a history of these pests, where weed control was less than effective, or with a lot of residue left on the field. Though we don’t have good economic thresholds for slugs in corn or soybean, the following guidelines are to help scout for their presence and intensity. Egg and adult sampling should occur until late May/early June when newly hatched juveniles, particularly damaging, are found. Juvenile slugs are quite small and care should be taken so they are not overlooked. The most important time to sample for the smaller juvenile slugs is when defoliation is occurring. The best technique to sample juvenile slugs is to visit the field at dusk or immediately after dark (a flashlight helps). Juvenile slugs are easily found feeding on the plants or crawling over the crop residue. In corn, it is easy to get a count of the number of slugs per individual plant. Because soybeans are usually planted in narrow rows, we find getting a count of slugs in a unit area, such as the number per 1 ft², is easier. Although there are various sampling procedures involving soil traps with or without beer, these traps do not sample the eggs, nor do they give a good estimate of juvenile slugs; they are more appropriate for adult slugs.
At this point, and given the forecast for warm weather, slug feeding should slow down. However, we would advise growers to inspect their fields before considering replanting fields.
There are few treatments for slugs. The two available baits are those containing metaldehyde (Deadline MPs and others), and those with iron phosphate (Sluggo). See our slug fact sheet for more information: http://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/ENT-20
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Time to Evaluate Soybean Stands
The soybean agronomy team is busy travelling across the state conducting stand counts on our field trials. Target stand and actual stand can vary considerably depending on planter calibration (or lack there-of), environmental conditions (i.e., soil moisture, crusting, etc), and disease/insects.
To quickly estimate soybean stand, count the number of plants in 1/1000th of an acre in several areas of the field. Roughly, this corresponds to the number of plants in 70 foot of row for 7.5 inch row spacing, 35 foot of row for 15 inch row spacing, and 17.5 foot of row for 30 inch row spacing.
Last year, with funding from the Ohio Soybean Council, we conducted a seeding rate study at three locations. (At all three locations, soybeans were planted in May.) On average, harvest populations of at least 100,000 plants per acre resulted in 90% relative yield (individual plot yield divided by highest yielding plot within a location). Keep in mind, this is based on harvest population (of a relatively even stand) and actual seeding rate should be greater to achieve at least 100,000 plants/acre at harvest. In our soybean trials, the target seeding rate is 150,000 seeds/acre (in 15-inch row width) which usually results in 109,000-136,000 plants/acre at harvest.
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White Wheat Heads: Freeze Damage, Wheat Take-All, or Fusarium Head Blight?
We’ve received a few reports of white (or bleached) wheat heads which can be a result of freeze damage or disease.
Freeze damage. In mid-May temperatures dipped to high 20s/low 30s in several parts of the state. At heading-flowering growth stages, wheat should be able to withstand temperatures of 28°F for two\ hours. Figure 1 shows two bleached wheat heads found in a field on May 20 after cool temperatures on May 16.
Freeze damage at the heading and flowering stages can severely impact wheat yield by causing sterility. To check for sterility (caused by the freezing temperatures in May), now is a good time to look for grain development (wheat kernels). Depending on where flowering was occurring at the time of the freeze, wheat kernels may be absent in the center, top, and/or bottom of the wheat head.Diseases. Freeze damage should not be confused with diseases that result in bleached, discolored heads. One such disease is head scab and another is take-all. Although symptoms of these diseases are very similar to those caused by freeze damage, the distribution pattern of bleached heads in the field, distribution of bleached spikelets on the head, and the overall health of the plant supporting affected heads are extremely useful for telling these disorders apart. For instance, head scab and freeze damage may causes partial (only a few spikelets or a portion of the head) or complete bleaching of the heads, whereas take-all always results in complete bleaching of the heads. In addition, scab affected heads are often scattered throughout the field, while heads affected by take-all are always found in patches ranging in size from a few heads to huge sections of the field. Freeze damaged heads may or may not be found in patched (low spots in the field), and may be empty and deformed, with distorted awns, whereas head affected by scab and take-all are generally never deformed. Moreover, since talk-all is a rot-rotting disease, affected plants are often shorter, with stems
and leaves that die prematurely (straw-colored) by the time the heads become bleached. Scabby and freeze damaged heads are often found on green, healthy-looking stems that senesce naturally. Read more about other head diseases and disorders at:
Crop Observation and Recommendation Network
C.O.R.N. Newsletter is a summary of crop observations, related information, and appropriate recommendations for Ohio crop producers and industry. C.O.R.N. Newsletter is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy Team, state specialists at The Ohio State University and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC). C.O.R.N. Newsletter questions are directed to Extension and OARDC state specialists and associates at Ohio State.
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